Surin, located in northeastern Thailand, is a province with an extensive history dating back approximately 2,000 years. Archaeological findings suggest early human settlement from the late Metal Age, with evidence of advanced iron tools. Due to its geographical proximity to the Khmer Empire, Surin's culture reflects substantial Khmer influence beginning around the 12th century. The region is home to ancient communities, including more than 59 historical sites, but evidence of habitation is sporadic until the late Ayutthaya period.

By 1760, a native ethnic group known as the Kui, skilled in elephant training, migrated from areas around present-day Laos to settle in Surin. Notable leaders among the Kui, such as Luang Surin Phakdi (Chiang Phum), assisted the royal court by capturing royal elephants, earning him nobility and the title of governor. In 1786, under King Rama I, Surin was officially recognized, replacing its previous name, Prathai Saman, in honor of its governor. The province continued to be governed by descendants of the original Kui leaders, a lineage lasting 11 generations. In 1908, as part of a nationwide administrative reform, Surin was officially established as a province with centralized governance, led by the first governor under the new system, Phra Krungsri Burirak. Today, Surin is known for its heritage, its prominent elephant culture, and its deep historical ties to ancient communities and Thai royalty.