Once part of Udon Thani, Nong Bua Lam Phu lies about 46 kilometers away from the city of Udon Thani and roughly 568 kilometers from Bangkok. With roots extending over 900 years, the area was originally part of the kingdom of Sri Sattanakhanahut, historically known as "Nong Bua Lueam Phu, Nakhon Khuean Khan Kab Kaew Bua Ban." This heritage reflects its ancient importance and connection to Lao kingdoms in the region.

In 1993, in response to government efforts to decentralize administration, Nong Bua Lam Phu was officially established as a province. The move aimed to improve governance, public service access, local economic growth, and national security, as Udon Thani province had become densely populated and extensive in territory. Nong Bua Lam Phu now continues to grow, honoring its historical roots while supporting its communities as Thailand’s 76th province.