Lopburi, with a cultural legacy stretching over 3,000 years, is one of Thailand's oldest continuously inhabited areas. Archaeological findings, including ancient human remains and tools from sites like Ban Tha Khae and Ban Khok Charoen, confirm its significance since prehistoric times. Originally known as "Lavo," the city was reportedly established in 459 CE by King Kalavarnadit of the Khmer Empire. In later centuries, Lopburi played a crucial role under the Dvaravati civilization and later as part of the Khmer Empire, which introduced cultural influences evident in its ancient artifacts and architecture.

During the Ayutthaya Kingdom, King Narai transformed Lopburi into a second capital due to its strategic location, constructing a grand palace fortified with European-style architecture. He resided here for most of the year, meeting with foreign diplomats and strengthening the city as a royal and military stronghold. After King Narai's death in 1688, Lopburi's prominence declined until King Mongkut’s reign, who restored the city’s ancient structures and renamed Narai’s palace as “Phra Narai Ratchaniwet,” now a museum dedicated to King Narai.

In the modern era, Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram revitalized Lopburi by establishing it as a major military center, earning it the title "Military City." Today, Lopburi is celebrated for its historical sites, cultural heritage, and role as a military hub, making it both a significant economic center and a popular tourist destination.