Pai District, situated in northern Mae Hong Son province, is renowned for its tranquil landscapes, historical significance, and cultural diversity. According to local lore, Pai was established over 2,000 years ago, likely by the Lua and Khmer people, as evidenced by ancient artifacts and ruins. Over time, Shan (Tai Yai) migrants from Myanmar and other Thai territories settled in the area. Pai officially became part of Siam’s administrative region in 1903, and in 1911, Luang Jaroenket Kelangnakorn became Pai’s first district officer.

Historically, Pai was a strategic settlement for elephant training under Prince Kaew Muang Ma of Chiang Mai. The city developed further when the Thai Yai leader Khun Sang Pai moved the town to the fertile west bank of the Pai River, renaming the original settlement "Wiang Nuea" (North Wiang) and the new area "Wiang Tai" (South Wiang). Today, Pai is known for its beautiful natural scenery, attracting both local and international visitors.

Geography and Accessibility: Pai covers approximately 2,244 square kilometers, bordered by Myanmar to the north and Chiang Mai province to the south and east. Road access includes Highway 1095, connecting Pai to both Mae Hong Son (111 km) and Chiang Mai (120 km).

Religious and Cultural Landscape: Most of Pai’s residents (81%) are Buddhists, with smaller communities practicing Islam, Christianity, and animism. The area is home to 27 Buddhist temples, 20 Christian churches, and one mosque.

Education and Health Services: Pai has 33 primary schools, two secondary schools, and one non-formal education center. Healthcare services include Pai Hospital, an 11-bed facility, along with community health centers across the district.

Economy and Agriculture: Agriculture is central to Pai’s economy, with 81% of the population engaged in farming. Key crops include rice, garlic, soybeans, and wheat, although farmland is limited due to the district's mountainous terrain.