Buriram Province, whose name means “city of happiness,” has a history that dates back to prehistory, with prominent cultural and historical significance in Thailand. Archaeological evidence points to human habitation since the Dvaravati period, while the province is most noted for its extensive collection of ancient Khmer temples. Over 60 stone and brick Khmer structures across the province showcase Buriram’s past connection to the powerful Khmer Empire, including important artifacts like pottery kilns and ancient ceramics.

The name "Buriram" emerged during the later Ayutthaya period when the city was under the administrative authority of Nakhon Ratchasima. During the Thonburi period, Buriram’s regional importance grew; in 1776, King Taksin sent forces to put down a rebellion led by the governor of nearby Nang Rong. Subsequent conflicts and alliances with nearby territories ultimately brought the region under the Kingdom of Siam.

In the late 19th century, under King Rama V, Buriram and surrounding districts were incorporated into the Nakhon Ratchasima administrative region. This system was later modified, and in 1901, Buriram was officially recognized as a province. Further regional reforms led to Buriram’s continued role in northeastern Thailand’s administration. Today, Buriram is celebrated for its historical sites and serves as a cultural touchstone with deep Khmer roots.